Our bodies adapt. For a healthy person who consumes a conventional diet where approximately 25% – 30% comes from fat, 40% – 50% from carbohydrates, and the remaining from protein, the body’s preferred source of energy is glucose. If glucose (the building block of most carbohydrates) is available, the body will convert it into energy first. When a healthy person ascribes to a Ketogenic diet where carbohydrates are extremely low, dietary fats are high and protein is moderate, the available glucose is reduced and glycogen stores are depleted. The body learns to pull energy from fat. It then becomes more efficient at creating energy from fat the longer a person is on a Ketogenic diet. A fat-adapted person is someone whose body has learned to seek out fat first for energy production instead of glucose.
In a healthy person the absence of glucose causes a reduced amount of insulin in the bloodstream. The body responds to this, with a process called gluconeogenesis. The pancreas produces a hormone called Glucagon, which helps mobilize fat molecules into the blood stream so that they can be transported into the cells’ mitochondria for conversion into glucose and ketone bodies for energy production. The ketone bodies are:
- Acetoacetate: which is later converted into BHB;
- Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB): which is the ketone body that is used for energy.
- and Acetone: a waste product of the process that the body quickly eliminates.
This is ketosis. Ketosis is a normal metabolic state when occurring in healthy people.
Fat-adaption
When a person is fat-adapted their body is primed to use fat for fuel, and it can work efficiently on very little amounts of glucose. There are different enzymes responsible for breaking down and utilizing fat than for breaking down and utilizing carbohydrates. When a person first transitions into ketosis, the body has more enzymes for carbohydrate breakdown than for fat breakdown. Over time, and with consistent low carbohydrate intake and ketosis, the body will adapt to create less carbohydrate enzymes and more fat enzymes. The amount of time it takes for a person to become fat-adapted depends greatly on their individual circumstances, their biology, and how restricted and consistent they are at reducing carbohydrate intake. Typically, a person will reach ketosis within 2-3 days of carbohydrate restriction, however fat-adaption, where a client’s body is utilizing fat for energy in the most efficient way possible, may take anywhere from 2-4 weeks or longer.
Speeding Up Ketosis
When a Ketogenic client eats a high carbohydrate food that kicks them out of ketosis the goal of the coach is to help them get back in ketosis as soon as possible. Some strategies to help them do this include the following:
- Increase aerobic exercise in order to help deplete glycogen stores.
- Consume MCT and/or coconut oil as this can promote the production of exogenous ketones.
- Supplement with exogenous ketones, which can be purchased in health food stores. These include Ketone Esters, Ketone Salts and some oils.
- Reduce carbohydrates further if it is sensible to do. Clients may be as low as 20-25g of carbohydrates per day.
Ketoacidosis & Alkalosis
Ketoacidosis is an extremely dangerous and potentially deadly pathological condition that occurs in people who have insulin dependent or type 1 diabetes[1]. When a person has insulin-dependent diabetes their body does not create insulin; they must administer it via injections themselves. Without insulin, glucose in the blood cannot be transported into cells where it gets converted into energy. It stays in the bloodstream. This is known as high blood sugar. The body responds to its inability to use glucose for energy production as though glucose levels are low. The pancreas creates glucagon, and the process of gluconeogenesis begins. This results in dangerously high levels of both glucose and ketone bodies in the blood, which make the blood acidic. Acidic blood causes impaired function of the organs like the liver and kidneys. This life threatening condition is ketoacidosis. Ketoacidosis can occur in a person who is managing insulin-dependent diabetes and does not administer the correct amount of insulin at the right times, or who does not eat enough.
In an attempt to reduce the acidity of the blood, the body may respond to Ketoacidosis with excess vomiting, dehydration, and hyperventilation all of which may lead to the opposite of acidosis, alkalosis. Alkalosis is where the body fluids become excessively alkaline. It causes symptoms such as nausea, heartburn, and cramping or stiff muscles, alongside a number of other unpleasant experiences, and may even lead to death.
An insulin-dependent diabetic person suffering any signs of ketoacidosis, which may initially present in ways similar to the way ketosis does in a healthy person due to the elevated levels of ketones, should immediately seek medical attention.
People with insulin-dependent diabetes should not make any drastic changes to their diet, nor should they switch from a regular diet to a Ketogenic one, without first consulting their primary physician.
Type 1, Type 2 & Insulin-dependent Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is the pathological condition in that the pancreas does not create insulin. This is often a genetic disorder that is diagnosed in children. Without insulin, glucose stays in the blood stream. Type 1 diabetics must self-administer insulin by injection. A diabetic who must administer insulin in this way, is known as insulin-dependent.
Type 2 diabetes is a condition where the pancreas has been over-producing insulin, often in response to a person eating high amounts of sugary foods over prolonged time periods. The ability of the overused endocrine glands that create the insulin in the pancreas begins to break down and become less efficient. When caught early enough, and when a person makes appropriate changes to their fitness and nutrition, type 2 diabetes has been shown to reverse. The body wants to heal and will do so if you treat it appropriately. When left untreated and ignored, type 2 diabetes leads to the complete breakdown of insulin production. This person will then become insulin-dependent, such as those with type 1 diabetes.
Are you done with diets and food fads? Do you want to transform your body and your relationship with nutrition, and are you willing to put in the hard work to accomplish their goals?
I offer a program specifically tailored to help you break big goals down into small, actionable steps that you can do every day, easily in order to build sustainable healthy habits without feeling miserable about it. ProCoaching is a program that works, even for people who think they hate health and nutrition:
[1] https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324237.php#symptoms-of-ketoacidosis
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